Dynamo-electric machine.



PATENTED FEB. 7, 1905.

vJ. SACHS. DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 19, 1903.

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PATENTEDFEB. 7, 1905.

J. SAGHS.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAOHINB. nrmoumn FILED 8EPT.19, 1903.

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UNITED STATES Patented E'ebruary '7, 1905.

PATENT, OFFICE.

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHENE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 781,968, dated February '7, 1905. I Application filed September 19, 1903. BerialNo.1'73,801.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, Josn'rH SAoHs, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented an Improvement in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification. Heretofore dynamos have been driven by prime movers of various descriptions for generating electricity and supplying the same to electric motors coupled to devices and ma chines to be operated. Apparatus of this nature have been applied to motor-vehicles, to

which my improved dynamo-electric machine is particularly applicable as adynamo-motor.

As separate machines were heretofore required for generator-and motor, the arrangement was heavy and inefficient for this purpose.

I \Vhere hydrocarbon explosive-engines have been employed as prime movers in motorvehicles, it has been necessary, owing to the limited torque effort of the engine, to provide mechanical gearings in varying ratios any of which may be connected at will to the'engine shaft to produce an increased or decreased torque effort at the vehicle-wheels, with an inversely-varying speed and one of the objects of my invention is to provide a dynamo-motor electric machine or electric gear applicable to motor-vehicles or other devices for transmitting power from hydrocarbon explosiveengines or other prime movers and delivering the power with inversely-variable torque and speed at the driving end without exceeding the limit of the energy output of the, prime mover. I

In carrying out my invention I preferably unite in one unit two armatures and a common magnetic field system having the functions of-both an electric generator and an electric motor, and by employing special means for controlling and'regulating the magnetic flux through one or both armatures without the use of field resistances or series- 4 parallel switches I obtain-a variation in speed and torque efi'ort at the'driving end as great as if each of the functions were developed in separate and individual machines. The armature or; armatures in which the electric current is produced and those in which it is transformed into mechanical energy may be magnetically in series with each other and withthe field-magnet, or they may be magnetically in parallel. In the series arrangement, which I prefer, the magnetic flux passes through the lield-magnet and both armatu res successively, while in the parallel arrange;

ment it divides from the magnet-cores to the armatures. In either case it is'set up by a common lield coil or coils. These coils are preferably series or compound connected, but may be shunt-connected or separately excited and when once adjusted need not be varied manually to produce the variation in speed and torque at the motor and. Vith the magnetic series arrangement of armatures and field-magnet I preferably employ a magnetic shunt of permeable material whose magnetic reluctance is less than that of the air-gaps and cores of either armature and so arranged as to be adjustabl y movable toward or away from or in contact with the field-magnet pole-pieces of either the generator or motor armat'ures. By placing this magnetic shunt across the poles of either armature the flux through the same will be decreased in the ratio of the magnetic conductance of the air-gaps and core of that armature to the conductance of the magnetic shunt, and the total magnetic fiux is increased by the lower reluctance, due to the magnetic I shunt, thereby increasing the flux through the other armature. Therefore by magnetically shunting one armature its field is decreased,

while that of the other isincreased, and hence a drop in the voltage, due to magnetically shunting the generator-armature, causes an.

increased field and consequent increased torque at the motor end witiia decreased voltage at the motor-armature terminals.

In ordinary systems when there an increased load put upon the motor a decreased speed and a correspondingly-decreased counter electromotive force and an increased flow of current result, and there is therefore an increased load. put upon the generator, and consequently upon the prime mover. In my improved arrangement there need be no increased load put upon. the prime mover when an increased loadis put upon the motor, which is madepcssible by reducing the flux through increased torque is supplied at a lower gen-' erated GlQCti'Ol'IlOtiVG force, although necessariiy the effective electromotive force is tion, and Fig. 1 is a plan of the same.

greater. This varying of the electromotive force in inverse proportion to the current demanded by the increased load upon the motor determines and limits the watts demanded and alsothe load upon the engine, which is the result desired.

It is apparent that the dynamo-electric machine herein described may-serve as either a multi-atrmature generator or motor, as well as a generator-motor or motor-generator, and the 1 agnetic' shunt-regulating devices mayor may not be employed when so used. The functions of the apparatus as a generator-motor are, however, herein particularly considered. v

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved dynamo-electric machine, and Fig. 2 is a plan of the same. Fig. 3 is an end elevation 01'' a modified form of my inven- 5 is a side elevation of my invention as applied to mnltipolar machine, and Fig. 6 is an' elevation of the same. Figs; 7 and 8 are diagrammatic side elevations of. other modifications of my invention. Fig. 9 isa plan view showing the appiication of my invention to a motor-vehicle, and Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectionai elevation of the same; Figs. 11 and 152- are respectively a plan andelevation of a modified application of my invention to 1110- tor-ve icies. Figs. 13 and 14 are diagrammatic WS illustrating possible modified uses tween and connecting the pole-pieces 1 and 2 and the core 6 extending between'and connecting the pole-pieces and i. 7 and represent armatures. The former, arranged to reveivc between the pole-pieces 2 and 4, may designated the generator-armature and the latter, arranged to revnlv'e between the polepieces 1 and 3, the motor-armature. The

eratonarm ature terminais are connectedto' series or compound connected and in either case are so arrangedthat both the armature 7, in which the current is generated, and the armature 8, in which'the current is transformed into mechanical energy, and the fieldmagnets are all magnetically in series-that is, the flux set up in the cores by the fieldwindings passes through armature 8 and 'airgaps, pole-pieces 3, core 6, pole-piece 4:, armature 7 and air-gaps, polepiece 2, core 5, pole-piece l and back to armature 8. r I also employ a bar 7) of well-annealed iron or other permeable materiahconnected to arms 9, which are mounted in bearings 10, supported by a suitable frame 11', secured to the sides or' the machine. This bar Z is normally in an upright position midway between the field-mag.- net'pole-pieces oi the generator and motor armatures, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and is adapted to-be moved toward or away from or in contact with field-magnet pole-pieces at either the generator or motor end of the machine and being of greater permeability than the air-gaps acts as a magnetic shunt when in close relation to or in contact with either set' of field-magnet pole-pieces. As hereinbefore set forth, magnetically shunting the field-magnet pole-pieces at the generator armature end causes a decreased flux .in the generator armature, with a corresponding drop in the electromotiveforce. The total.

flux in the common magnetic circuit is, however, increased by the decreased reluctance of the same, causing increased flux through the motor-armature, which, with the increased current demanded, results in an increased torque at adecreased speed at the motor-armature end without necessitating any change in the power input from the prime mover driving the generator-armature.

In Figs. 3 and 1 I have shown a modification I of my invention, wherein polepieces-12 and 13 are mounted on a base c'and have a com mon core-piece 14, in the upper end of which pole-pieces l5 and 16 are pivoted at17. A generator-armature 18 is mounted to revolve between the pole-pieces 13 and 16, .and a motorrmature 19 is mounted to revolve be* tween the pole-pieces 12 and 15. the armatures and their respective pole-pieces are magnetically in parallel with each other, and the magnet-field pole-pieces 15 and 16 are adapted to be adjusted on the pivot 17 by a lever 20 so as to vary the width of the airgap of either the generator or motor armature to cause an increased reluctance of one air-gap and a correspondingly-decreased flux through its armature and. a decreased reluctance. of the other a'irg'ap-and correspondingly-increased flux through its armature to produce the results hereinbefore described.

In multipolar machines (see Figs. 5 and 6) I may employ an annular ring 21,through which the shaft 22 of the generater-armature and t e fieid-coiis may be wound in- 23' passes and which supported by arms 24,

In this case connected-to a sleeve 25, fitting the shaft 22. The ring 21 may be moved "away from, to-

ward, or placed inlcontact with the field-magcircumstances may require that these parts bear another relation to each other. In Fig.

, 7 I have illustrated a machine wherein the shaft 32 of the generator-armature 33 is at right angles to the shaft 34 of the motor-armature 3,5, the field-magnet pole-pieces of 'both armatures, the field-cores. and both armatures .being magnetically in series, as described in connection with Figs. 1 and2, and provided with a magnetic shunt-bar (shown diagrammatically at 36) for the purposes hereinbefore set forth. As shown in Fig. 8, it is also'within the spirit of my invention to employ two motor-armatures 37 38, whose shafts are in alinement, and a common generatingarmature 39, whose shaft is at right angles with those of the motor-armatures, in which case the motor armatur'es 37 and .38, with their respective magnet pole-pieces 39 40 and 4142, are each magnetically in series with the armature 39 and its field-poles 43 44, the usual magnetic shunts (shown diagrammatically at 45 46) being employed for regulating purposes. It will also be apparent that in this design any two of the armatures ma be connectedmp to operate without the t ird one and that when any two .ofthe armatures are so employed the magnetic system will be a' continuous and not-a divided one. It is also apparent that the central armature may act as the motor-armature and the two other armatures as generators.

Referringto Figs. 9 andlO, in which I have shown the application of my invention to motor-vehicles, d represents the frame of a motor-vehicle, suitably mounted on wheelse. f is a hydrocarbon-engine or other prime mover mounted on suitable supports 47, and

this engine may be automatically governed to maintain a fixed speed, or its speed may be under the control of the driver of the vehicle. In these figures (9 and 10) I have illustrated the type of dynamo-motor shown in Figs. 1 and 2,

and the characters of reference used in Figs.

1 and 2are employed in Figs. 9 and 10 todesignate similar parts, with the exception of the base. The field-magnets are mounted on suitable supports 48, and 12 3 4are the field-magnet pole-pieces, 5 and 6 the cores, and 7 and 8 the armatures, asdescribed in connection with Figs. 1 and 2, the shaft of the armature 7 being connectedto the shaft49 of the engine f and the shaft of the armature8 being connected to a shaft 50 in connection with a differential gear 51 and the driving-shafts 52 52. As hereinbefore stated, the flux set up by the field-coils will pass through the armatures, air gaps, field pole-pieces, and cores, making a complete series magnetic circuit. The armature 7 rotates in the magnetic field of the field poles 2 and 4, and assuming the generatorarmature terminals are plus and minus, as marked, the current will pass through wire 53 to the field-coils on core 6, thence to a circuit opening and reversing switch 54 by wire 55, by wire 56 to the motor-armatu re 8, thence by wire 57 to the switch 54, thence by wire 58 to the field-coil oncore 5, and thence to the minus-terminal of the generator-armature .by wire 59, or to reverse the motor the current -may be passed by throwing over the switch through the wire 57 to the motor-armature, wire 56, switch 54, wire 58, field-coil on core 5, and wire 59 to the minus-terminal of the generator-armature. above described may be ofwell-known construction-that is, in its normal position the central movable portion is in such position that the circuit between the two armatures is open. When thrown one way, it connects the 'armatures so as to produce motion in one direction, and when thrown in the other direction It connects them so as to produce the opposite motion by causing the current to fiow through the motor-armature, as already described. I may employ separate closing and reversing switches instead of embodying both functions in one switch device, or, in fact, any other arrangements whereby the same result is accomplished; The annealed-iron bar 6, mounted in bearings 10 and normally in the midway position between the pole pieces of the armatures, may swing, by means of a lever 60, sprockets 61 and 62 and a chain 63, passing over the same, so as to lie flat across the polepieces at either the generator or motor end of the machine, thus forming a magnetic shunt to the path of the flux through the armature acted on. The shafts of the motor and dynamo armature's are normally disconnected, and the adjacent ends of the'same are provided with the members of a friction or other clutch n, adapted to-connect said shafts in order, that in case of necessity the engine may drive the vehicle directlythrough said shafts.

In Figs. 11 and 12 I have showna modification of my invention as applied to motor-vehicles and in which the difierential gear is dispensed with, but which necessitates the'use of two dynamo -motor machines It '6', whose armatures 64 and 65 are driven directly by a hydrocarbon-engine or other prime mover in The reversing switch and whose motor-armatures 66 and 67 are connected to the shafts of the driving-wheels on opposite sides of the Vehicle by sprockets 68 and 69 and chains 70 or otherwise. In this case magnetic shunts 71 72farepreferably arranged to slide vertically at the ends of the machine and may be operated by a lever 7 3,

armature, after which'the circuit closing and.

reversing switch is operated in the proper direction, so that the'current passesfrom the generator-armature through the motor-armature in the direction necessary to produce the desired motion in the motor-armature. U The result will be that the generator-arr nature will generate a current of low electromotive force, which passingthrough the motor-ar- -mature will enable it to start the vehicle at a low speed. The field inwhich the motor-armature is operating will be strengthened due to the placing of the magnetic shunt across the generator-armature pole-pieces, and this, in conjunction with the larger current due to starting, will give the necessary torque; butat the same time the total wattenergy delivered by thegenerator-armature will not be excessive, owing to the low electomotive force which it is generating. As-the vehicle now comes up to speed the magnetic shunt across the generator-armature pole-pieces is gradu ally removed, thus increasing theavoltage generated 'i'n'the generator-armatu re, and con- .sequently the speed of the motor-armature. ':The fiuxtlirough the motor-armature has at the same time been slightly decreased, owing to the removal of the magnetic shunt across the generator-armature .polep1eces, and the vehicleis thus gradually brought up to speed. If it is now desired to still further weaken the field inwhich the motor-armature is operat ing, so as to still further increase the speed, the magnetic shunt across the motor-armature pole-pieces can be brought into proximity to or in contact with these pole-pieces, and thus weaken the flux through the motor-armature, consequently increasing its speed. Should it be desired to reverse the vehicle, the magnetic shunts are first placed in contact with the generator-armature pole-pieces. This greatly lowers or entirely nullifies the electromotive force generated bythe generator-armature and due to the elimination of the magnetic flux passing through it, which in consequence also results in a cessation of motion in the motor-armature. After this has been accomplished the circuit closing and reversing switch is thrown in the opposite direction, and the manipulation of the magnetic shunts across the pole-pieces then proceeds as previously 'the other.

described. As I have already stated, the prime mover or hydrocarbon-engine may have its speed controlled manually, or it may be automatically controlled by properly governing the throttle and the sparking elements of the engine.

While 1 have particularly described the operation of my improved dynamo-electric machine in connection with its use as a dynamom'otor for the purpose of transmitting or transforming mechanical energy from prime movers at variable speed and torque, yet, asI have hereinbefore stated, it has many advan tages for use as a multiarmature motor or dynamo or as a motor-dynamo for the various purposes for which such machines are used. The use of my improved dynamo-electric machine as a two-armature. dynamo for threewire systems or as a multiple-voltage dynamo for motor-controller or asa booster or buckcr dynamo or motor is obvious, as shown diagrammatically in Figs. 13' and 14-.

It will be understood that I do not in any Waylimit myself to any particular application of my improved dynamo-electric machine so long as the general principles in the manipulation of the armatures described hereinbefore are used. I

Iclaiin as my invention- 1. In a dynamo-motor electric machine, and in combination, a generatorarmature,a motorarmature, a common magnetic system in which 'bothsaid armatures operate, a common source of magnetomotive force, and means other than said source of magne'tomotlve force ior magnetically strengthening the iiux through either of said armatures at the expense of the flux through the other.

2.. In adynamo-electric machine,and in combination,-two armatures, a common magnetic circuit in which both armatures operate, a common source of magnetomotive force, and means other than said source of magnetomotive force for magnetically strengthening the flux through either of said armatures at the expense of the flux through the other.

3. in a dynamo-electric machine, and in combination, two armatures, a magnetic circuitin which both armatures permanently operate in series magnetically, and means for magnetically strengthening the flux through either of said armatures at the expense of the flux through the other.

4. In a dynamo-electric machine,and in combination, two arlnatures, a magnetic circuit in which both armatures operate in series magnetically, a common source of magnetomotive force, and means other than said source of magnetornotive force for magnetically strengthening the flux through either of said armatures at the expense of the flux through 5. In a d ynamo-electric machine,and in com-- bination, two armatures, a magnetic circuit in which both armatures operate, a source of field-magnet, and other means for magnetically strengthening the flux through either of said armatures at the expense of the flux through the other.

7. In a dynamo-motor electric machine, and in combination,agenerator-armature, a motorarmature with a common magnetic flux passing through both said armatures, a source of magnetomotive force and other means for magnetically strengthening the flux through either of said armatures at the expense of the flux through the other.

8. In a dynamo-motor electric machine, and in combination, a generator-arm ature, a motorarmature, a common magnetic field system in which both said armatures operate, a common source of magnetomotive force, a magnetic shunt, and means for moving the same' from, toward, or in contact with the fieldpoles of either of said armatu res to strengthen the flux in one of the armatures at the expense of that inthe other.

- 9. In a dynamo-motor electric machine, and in comb1nat1on,a generator'armature, amotorarmature, a common magnetic field system in ture, of a field-magnet magnetically in series I with both said armatures, and other means wherebythe electromotive force of the genorator-armature supplied'to the motor-armature may be varied without varying the number of the field-coils.

11. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a generator and a motor armature, of a field-magnet magnetically in series 'with both said armatures, means whereby the electromotive force of the generator-armature supplied to the motor-armature may be varied without varying the number or position of the field-coils, and without increasing the power input supplied to the generatorarmature.

12. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a generator-armature, a motorarmature and aseries magnetic circuit in which both armatures operate, of means other than said circuit for magnetically shunting either armature, therebyincreasing the flux through the other armature.

13. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a generator-armature, a motorarmatnre and a series magnetic circuit in which both armatures operate, of means other than said circuit for magnetically increasing the fiux through one armature and decreasing the flux through the other armature.

14. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a generator-armature and motor-armature operating in separate magnetic fields in a common magnetic circuit, of a magnetic shunt for shunting the magnetic flux around either of said armatures.

15. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a generator-armature, and a mo+ tor-armature supplied with current by said generator-armature both operating in separate fields in a common magnetic field system, of means for magnetically varying the flux in the generator-armature and inversely in the motor-armature, substantially as specified.

16. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a generator-armature and a motor-armature supplied with current by said generator-armature both operating in separate fields in a common magnetic field-circuit, of means for magnetically varying the flux in the generator-armature and inversely in the motor-armature to cause an increased torque effect at reduced speed at the motor end without varying the number of the field-coils and without increasing the input required by the generator-armature.

17. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a generator-armature and a n10- tor-armature both operating in separate fields in a common magnetic field system, of a magnetic shunt for magnetically varying the flux in the generator-armature and inversely in the motor-armature to cause an increased torque efiect at reduced speed at the motor end without varying the number of the fieldcoils and without increasing the input required by the generator-armature.

18. In a dynamo-electric machine, the combination with a generator-armature and a motor-armature both operating in separate fields in a common magnetic field system, of amagnetic shunt for'magnetically varying the flux in the generator-armature and inversely in the motor-armature to cause an increased torque effect at reduced speed at the motor end without varying the number of the fieldcoilsand without increasing the input required by the generator-armature, and means for operating said magnetic shunt.

,19. In adynamo-electric machine, the com bination with a common field-magnet system and a common source of magnetomotive force, of at least two armatures, and means whereby the power delivered by one armature IOO is affected by varying the magnetic flux through the other Without changing the relationship of said source of magnetomotive force, to said magnetic field system. I, 20. In a dynamo-electric machine and in combination, a generator-armature, a motorarmature with its axis at an angle to that of said generator-armature, a common magnetic system in which both of said armatures operate, a. common source of magnetomotive force and means for strengthening the magnetic fluxthrough either of said arm'atures separately.

"QifIn a dynamo-electric machine and in combination, a generator-armature, a motorarmature with its axis at an angle to that of said generater-armature, a series magnetic circuit in which both of said armatures operate, and means for strengthening the magnetic flux through either of said armatures separately. v

22. 'In a dynamo-electric machine and in combination, a generator-armature, a motorarmature with its axis at an angleto that of said generator-armature, a series magnetic circuit in which both of said armatures operate, a common source of magnetomotive force, and means for strengthening the magnetic flux through either of said armatures separately. i

23. In a dynamo-motor electric machine and in combination, a generator-armatiu'e, a motorarmature, acommon magnetic system in which both of said armatures operate, a common source of magnctomotive force, and means other than said source for varying the ratio ofsthe fluxes through the armatures.

24c. In a dynamo'eleetric machine and in combination, twoarmatures, a magnetic circuit in which both of said armatures' operate, a common source of magnetomotive force,

. and means other than said source for varying the ratio of the fluxes through the armatur'es.

25. In a dynamo electric machine and in combination, two wmatures, a magnetic circuit in which both ofsaid armatures operate in series magnetically, axcommon source of I magnetomotive force; 'andmeans'other than said source for varying the ratiooi' 'thc fluxes through the armatures. 26. Inadynamo-motorelectricmachine and 1 ,in combinatioma generator-armature, a mo to -ififiiature, a'eommon source of magnetic "*flu x which flux passes through both of said armatures and meansother than said source for varying theratio of the fluxes through the iii-matures. 27 In adynamo-motor electric machine and In comb nation, two armatures, whose axes are at anangle to one another. separate fieldanother, means for producing a separate nnignetic field for each armature, and means for efi'ectlng a varlatlon in either of said magnetic fields.

30. In a dynamo-electric machine, two arm atures whose axes are at right angles to one another, and a common means for producing a separate magnetic field for each armature.

31. In a dynamo-electric machine, a genertor-armature, a motor-armature supplied with current by said generator-armature, a common means for producinga magnetic fieldf-or each armature, and means for efi'ecting a variation in the generator-voltage to meet thcdetive force, pole-pieces for producing at least two magnetic fields, and means other than said sourcet'or inversely varyingthesaid magnetic fields.

In a dynamo-electric machine, two or more armatures, means for producing a lungnetic field, and means other than the aforesaid means for efi'ecting an inversely-vaeving flux through said armatures.

36. In combination, a generator-arinat u re, a motor-armature, means for producing a rariable magnetic field for each armature, and

means other than the aforesaid means for in vcrsely controlling the said magnetic fields.

Signed by me this 12th day of September, 

